당신은 주제를 찾고 있습니까 “고분자 유리 전이 온도 표 – 10강. 고분자 물리 / 고분자를 이해하기 위해서는 Tg를 이해 해야 합니다 / mophology(형태학)외 여러가지 / 성균관대학교 화학공학 고분자공학부 교수“? 다음 카테고리의 웹사이트 kk.taphoamini.com 에서 귀하의 모든 질문에 답변해 드립니다: kk.taphoamini.com/wiki. 바로 아래에서 답을 찾을 수 있습니다. 작성자 플라스틱 읽어주는 배진영 교수님 이(가) 작성한 기사에는 조회수 8,514회 및 좋아요 144개 개의 좋아요가 있습니다.
Table of Contents
고분자 유리 전이 온도 표 주제에 대한 동영상 보기
여기에서 이 주제에 대한 비디오를 시청하십시오. 주의 깊게 살펴보고 읽고 있는 내용에 대한 피드백을 제공하세요!
d여기에서 10강. 고분자 물리 / 고분자를 이해하기 위해서는 Tg를 이해 해야 합니다 / mophology(형태학)외 여러가지 / 성균관대학교 화학공학 고분자공학부 교수 – 고분자 유리 전이 온도 표 주제에 대한 세부정보를 참조하세요
오늘은 고분자의 물리(적 성질)에 대해서 간단히 소개하겠습니다.
다른 재료는 가지지 못한 고분자의 특별한 성질들을 이해하기 위해서는
고분자의 물리적 성질들을 이해하는 것이 꼭 필요합니다.
특히나 Tg(glass transition temperature = 유리전이온도)를 제대로 이해하면 고분자의 무한한 매력에 빠져 헤어나올 수 없을 것입니다.
오늘은 고분자가 가지고 있는 물성에 대해서 간단히 소개 하겠습니다.
이 개념들은 고분자 화학에서 자세히 다루어지지는 않지만 고분자 물리책을 찾아보신다면 더욱 자세히 이해하실 수 있습니다.
\r
======================================================\r
\r
\r
영상은 수요일 오후 6시, 토요일 오후 6시에 업로드 됩니다.\r
\r
\r
‘구독’과 ‘알림설정’을 해 두시면 영상이 업로드 될 때 알림을 받아보실 수 있습니다.\r
\r
시청 해 주신 여러분 감사합니다.
고분자 유리 전이 온도 표 주제에 대한 자세한 내용은 여기를 참조하세요.
고분자의 유리전이온도
물질의 유리전이온도 (glass-transition temperature, Tg)는 유리전이가 일어나는 온도 범위를 나타냅니다. 유리전이 (glass transition)는 일반적으로 …
Source: www.materialssquare.com
Date Published: 4/7/2022
View: 4613
고분자화학/ 제 4주/ 유리전이온도
치환기의 극성. (3). 수소결합. (4). 벤젠 고리 등 방향족 고리 존재 여부, 등. 유리 전이 온도의 의미와 고분자의 응용. 표 1. 몇몇 고분자들의 유리 전이 온도 (Tg) …
Source: chemistryculture.org
Date Published: 3/16/2022
View: 9341
유리전이온도 Tg (Glass Transition Temperature)와 녹는점 Tm …
오늘의 과목: 고분자재료물성. 유리전이온도 Tg (glass transition temperature)란? 일단은 유리전이온도를 정의하기에 앞서서 결정질 고분자(crystalline polymer)와 …
Source: rosalyn-material.tistory.com
Date Published: 6/1/2022
View: 4405
Top 13 고분자 유리 전이 온도 표 5983 People Liked This Answer
고분자(Polymer): 유리전이온도 Tg (Glass Transition Temperature)와 녹는점 Tm(Melting Temperature). Article author: rosalyn-material.tistory.com …
Source: toplist.halongpearl.vn
Date Published: 1/1/2021
View: 751
(공유) 고분자 Tg(유리전이온도), Tm(녹는점) – 2군데서 퍼옴
Tm(용융 온도, 녹는 온도)은 고분자결정 구조에서 고분자 사슬이 펼쳐져 정돈된 구조를 잃는 것을 의미한다. Tg 는 비결정성의 상태에 온도를 올려주었을 …
Source: m.blog.naver.com
Date Published: 10/6/2022
View: 6210
고분자의 유리전이온도, 결정화온도, 용융온도 정의와 차이 Tg …
이번엔 비교적 간단한 주제를 말하고자 한다. 이전에도 얘기한 바가 있지만, 좀 더 부가설명을 하고자 게시물을 작성하였다.
Source: washere.tistory.com
Date Published: 3/24/2022
View: 1434
고분자 tg [EM8O6W]
옥수수 전분의 함량이 증가할수록 생분해성 복합재의 유리전이온도(Tg)와 용융 – 네이버 블로그 1) 유리 전이 온도 측정 고분자를 서서히 가열, …
Source: 4.egovladik.ru
Date Published: 6/2/2022
View: 3301
공 충돌 실험을 이용한 고분자의 유리 전이 온도 측정 기술 개발
고분자 물질의 유리 전이 온도는 가공과 열 안정성 판단에 있어 매우 중요함. 이는 고분자 물질의 물성이 유리 전이 온도에서 딱딱하고 깨지기 쉬운 상태에서 부드럽고 …
Source: scienceon.kisti.re.kr
Date Published: 2/18/2022
View: 3286
열분석 이란 ? (What is Thermal Analysis)
유리전이 온도 역시 고분자 식별에 시용된다. 다음의표는 몇가지 잘 알려진 고분. 자의 유리전이(Tg)와 용융온도(Tf 또는 Tm)를 보여준다. 표 …
Source: www.yeonjin.com
Date Published: 5/4/2021
View: 8329
주제와 관련된 이미지 고분자 유리 전이 온도 표
주제와 관련된 더 많은 사진을 참조하십시오 10강. 고분자 물리 / 고분자를 이해하기 위해서는 Tg를 이해 해야 합니다 / mophology(형태학)외 여러가지 / 성균관대학교 화학공학 고분자공학부 교수. 댓글에서 더 많은 관련 이미지를 보거나 필요한 경우 더 많은 관련 기사를 볼 수 있습니다.
주제에 대한 기사 평가 고분자 유리 전이 온도 표
- Author: 플라스틱 읽어주는 배진영 교수님
- Views: 조회수 8,514회
- Likes: 좋아요 144개
- Date Published: 2020. 4. 5.
- Video Url link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9yw32GZuX0
Materials Square
Materials Square Customer Agreement
This Materials Square Customer Agreement (this “Agreement”) contains the terms and conditions that govern your access to and use of the “Materials Square” Service Offerings (as defined below) and is an agreement between Virtual Lab, Inc. (“Virtual Lab,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) and you or the entity you represent (“you” or “your”). This Agreement takes effect when you click an “Sign In” button or, if earlier, when you use any of the Service Offerings (the “Effective Date”). You represent to us that you are lawfully able to enter into contracts (e.g., you are not a minor). If you are entering into this Agreement for an entity, such as the company you work for, you represent to us that you have legal authority to bind that entity.
1. Use of the Service Offerings.
1.1 Generally.You may access and use the Service Offerings in accordance with this Agreement. Service Terms apply to certain Service Offerings. You will comply with the terms of this Agreement and all laws, rules and regulations applicable to your use of the Service Offerings.
1.2 Your Account.To access the Services, you must have an “Materials Square” account associated with a valid email address and a valid form of payment. Unless explicitly permitted by the Service Terms, you will only create one account per email address.
1.3 Third-Party Content.Third-Party Content may be used by you at your election. Third-Party Content is governed by this Agreement and, if applicable, separate terms and conditions accompanying such Third-Party Content, which terms and conditions may include separate fees and charges.
2. Changes.
2.1 To the Service Offerings. We may change or discontinue any or all of the Service Offerings or change or remove functionality of any or all of the Service Offerings from time to time. We will notify you of any material change to or discontinuation of the Service Offerings.
3. Security and Data Privacy.
3.1 Security. Without limiting Section 10 or your obligations under Section 4.2, we will implement reasonable and appropriate measures designed to help you secure Your Content against accidental or unlawful loss, access or disclosure.
3.2 Data Privacy. You consent to the storage of Your Content in, and transfer of Your Content into, the “Amazon Web Services” Server in which we have an account(“Materials Square Storage”). We will not access or use Your Content except as necessary to maintain or provide the Service Offerings, or as necessary to comply with the law or a binding order of a governmental body. We will not (a) disclose Your Content to any government or third party or (b) subject to Section 3.3, move Your Content from the “Materials Square Storage”; except in each case as necessary to comply with the law or a binding order of a governmental body. Unless it would violate the law or a binding order of a governmental body, we will give you notice of any legal requirement or order referred to in this Section 3.2. We will only use your Account Information in accordance with the Privacy Policy, and you consent to such usage. The Privacy Policy does not apply to Your Content.
3.3 Service Attributes. To provide billing and administration services, we may process Service Attributes in the Virtual Lab. To provide you with support services initiated by you and investigate fraud, abuse or violations of this Agreement, we may process Service Attributes where we maintain our support and investigation personnel.
4. Your Responsibilities.
4.1 Your Accounts.Except to the extent caused by our breach of this Agreement, (a) you are responsible for all activities that occur under your account, regardless of whether the activities are authorized by you or undertaken by you, your employees or a third party (including your contractors, agents or End Users), and (b) we and our affiliates are not responsible for unauthorized access to your account.
4.2 Your Content. You will ensure that Your Content, Your Submissions and Your and End Users’ use of Your Content, Your Submissions or the Service Offerings will not violate any of the Policies or any applicable law. You are solely responsible for the development, content, operation, maintenance, and use of Your Content and Your Submissions.
4.3 Your Security and Backup. You are responsible for properly configuring and using the Service Offerings and otherwise taking appropriate action to secure, protect and backup your accounts and Your Content in a manner that will provide appropriate security and protection, which might include use of encryption to protect Your Content from unauthorized access and routinely archiving Your Content.
4.4 Log-In Credentials and Account Keys. “Materials Square” log-in credentials and private keys generated by the Services are for your internal use only and you will not sell, transfer or sublicense them to any other entity or person, except that you may disclose your private key to your agents and subcontractors performing work on your behalf.
5. Fees and Payment.
5.1 Service Fees. We calculate and bill fees and charges hourly. We may bill you more frequently for fees accrued if we suspect that your account is fraudulent or at risk of non-payment. You will pay us the applicable fees and charges for use of the Service Offerings as using one of the payment methods we support. All amounts payable by you under this Agreement will be paid to us without setoff or counterclaim, and without any deduction or withholding. Fees and charges for any new Service or new feature of a Service will be effective when we post updated fees and charges on the “Materials Square” Site, unless we expressly state otherwise in a notice. We may increase or add new fees and charges for any existing Services you are using by giving you at least 15 days’ prior notice. We may elect to charge you interest at the rate of 1.5% per month (or the highest rate permitted by law, if less) on all late payments.
5.2 Taxes. Each party will be responsible, as required under applicable law, for identifying and paying all taxes and other governmental fees and charges (and any penalties, interest, and other additions thereto) that are imposed on that party upon or with respect to the transactions and payments under this Agreement. All fees payable by you are exclusive of Indirect Taxes. We may charge and you will pay applicable Indirect Taxes that we are legally obligated or authorized to collect from you. You will provide such information to us as reasonably required to determine whether we are obligated to collect Indirect Taxes from you. We will not collect, and you will not pay, any Indirect Tax for which you furnish us a properly completed exemption certificate or a direct payment permit certificate for which we may claim an available exemption from such Indirect Tax. All payments made by you to us under this Agreement will be made free and clear of any deduction or withholding, as may be required by law. If any such deduction or withholding (including but not limited to cross-border withholding taxes) is required on any payment, you will pay such additional amounts as are necessary so that the net amount received by us is equal to the amount then due and payable under this Agreement. We will provide you with such tax forms as are reasonably requested in order to reduce or eliminate the amount of any withholding or deduction for taxes in respect of payments made under this Agreement.
6. Temporary Suspension.
6.1 Generally. We may suspend your or any End User’s right to access or use any portion or all of the Service Offerings immediately upon notice to you if we determine:
(a) your or an End User’s use of the Service Offerings (i) poses a security risk to the Service Offerings or any third party, (ii) could adversely impact our systems, the Service Offerings or the systems or Content of any other “Materials Square” customer, (iii) could subject us, our affiliates, or any third party to liability, or (iv) could be fraudulent;
(b) you are, or any End User is, in breach of this Agreement;
(c) you are in breach of your payment obligations under Section 5; or
(d) you have ceased to operate in the ordinary course, made an assignment for the benefit of creditors or similar disposition of your assets, or become the subject of any bankruptcy, reorganization, liquidation, dissolution or similar proceeding.
6.2 Effect of Suspension. If we suspend your right to access or use any portion or all of the Service Offerings. You remain responsible for all fees and charges you incur during the period of suspension.
7. Term; Termination.
7.1 Term. The term of this Agreement will commence on the Effective Date and will remain in effect until terminated under this Section 7. Any notice of termination of this Agreement by either party to the other must include a Termination Date that complies with the notice periods in Section 7.2.
7.2 Termination.
(a) Termination for Convenience. You may terminate this Agreement for any reason by providing us notice and closing your account for all Services for which we provide an account closing mechanism. We may terminate this Agreement for any reason by providing you at least 15 days’ advance notice.
(b) Termination for Cause.
(i) By Either Party. Either party may terminate this Agreement for cause if the other party is in material breach of this Agreement and the material breach remains uncured for a period of 15 days from receipt of notice by the other party. No later than the Termination Date, you will close your account.
(ii) By Us. We may also terminate this Agreement immediately upon notice to you (A) for cause if we have the right to suspend under Section 6, (B) if our relationship with a third-party partner who provides software or other technology we use to provide the Service Offerings expires, terminates or requires us to change the way we provide the software or other technology as part of the Services, or (C) in order to comply with the law or requests of governmental entities.
7.3 Effect of Termination.
(a) Generally. Upon the Termination Date:
(i) except as provided in Section 7.3(b), all your rights under this Agreement immediately terminate;
(ii) you remain responsible for all fees and charges you have incurred through the Termination Date and are responsible for any fees and charges you incur during the post-termination period described in Section 7.3(b);
(iii) you will immediately return or, if instructed by us, destroy all “Materials Square” Content in your possession; and
(iv) Sections 4.1, 5, 7.3, 8 (except the license granted to you in Section 8.4), 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 will continue to apply in accordance with their terms.
(b) Post-Termination. Unless we terminate your use of the Service Offerings pursuant to Section 7.2(b), during the 15 days following the Termination Date:
(i) we will not take action to remove from the “Materials Square” systems any of Your Content as a result of the termination; and
(ii) we will allow you to retrieve Your Content from the Services only if you have paid all amounts due under this Agreement.
For any use of the Services after the Termination Date, the terms of this Agreement will apply and you will pay the applicable fees at the rates under Section 5.
8. Proprietary Rights.
8.1 Your Content. Except as provided in this Section 8, we obtain no rights under this Agreement from you (or your licensors) to Your Content. You consent to our use of Your Content to provide the Service Offerings to you and any End Users.
8.2 Your Submissions. Your Submissions will be governed by the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0, unless you request and we consent in writing to another license supported by us.
8.3 Adequate Rights.You represent and warrant to us that: (a) you or your licensors own all right, title, and interest in and to Your Content, Your Submissions and Suggestions; (b) you have all rights in Your Content, Your Submissions and Suggestions necessary to grant the rights contemplated by this Agreement; and (c) none of Your Content, Your Submissions or End Users’ use of Your Content, Your Submissions or the Service Offerings will violate the Acceptable Use Policy.
8.4 Service Offerings License. We or our licensors own all right, title, and interest in and to the Service Offerings, and all related technology and intellectual property rights. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, we grant you a limited, revocable, non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, non-transferrable license to do the following: (a) access and use the Services solely in accordance with this Agreement; and (b) copy and use the “Materials Square” Content solely in connection with your permitted use of the Services. Except as provided in this Section 8.4, you obtain no rights under this Agreement from us, our affiliates or our licensors to the Service Offerings, including any related intellectual property rights. Some “Materials Square” Content and Third-Party Content may be provided to you under a separate license, such as the Apache License, Version 2.0, or other open source license. In the event of a conflict between this Agreement and any separate license, the separate license will prevail with respect to the “Materials Square” Content or Third-Party Content that is the subject of such separate license.
8.5 License Restrictions. Neither you nor any End User will use the Service Offerings in any manner or for any purpose other than as expressly permitted by this Agreement. Neither you nor any End User will, or will attempt to (a) modify, distribute, alter, tamper with, repair, or otherwise create derivative works of any Content included in the Service Offerings (except to the extent Content included in the Service Offerings is provided to you under a separate license that expressly permits the creation of derivative works), (b) reverse engineer, disassemble, or decompile the Service Offerings or apply any other process or procedure to derive the source code of any software included in the Service Offerings (except to the extent applicable law doesn’t allow this restriction), (c) access or use the Service Offerings in a way intended to avoid incurring fees or exceeding usage limits or quotas, or (d) resell or sublicense the Service Offerings. During and after the Term, you will not assert, nor will you authorize, assist, or encourage any third party to assert, any intellectual property infringement claim regarding any Service Offerings you have used. You may only use the “Materials Square” Marks in accordance with the Trademark Use Guidelines. You will not misrepresent or embellish the relationship between us and you (including by expressing or implying that we support, sponsor, endorse, or contribute to you or your business endeavors). You will not imply any relationship or affiliation between us and you except as expressly permitted by this Agreement.
8.6 Suggestions. If you provide any Suggestions to us or our affiliates, we and our affiliates will be entitled to use the Suggestions without restriction. You hereby irrevocably assign to us all right, title, and interest in and to the Suggestions and agree to provide us any assistance we require to document, perfect, and maintain our rights in the Suggestions.
9. Indemnification.
9.1 General.You will defend, indemnify, and hold harmless us, our affiliates and licensors, and each of their respective employees, officers, directors, and representatives from and against any Losses arising out of or relating to any third-party claim concerning: (a) your or any End Users’ use of the Service Offerings (including any activities under your “Materials Square” account and use by your employees and personnel); (b) breach of this Agreement or violation of applicable law by you, End Users, Your Content or Your Submissions; (c) Your Content or Your Submissions or the combination of Your Content or Your Submissions with other applications, content or processes, including any claim involving alleged infringement or misappropriation of third-party rights by Your Content or Your Submissions, or by the use, development, design, production, advertising or marketing of Your Content or Your Submissions; or (d) a dispute between you and any End User. You will reimburse us for reasonable attorneys’ fees, as well as our employees’ and contractors’ time and materials spent responding to any third party subpoena or other compulsory legal order or process associated with third party claims described in (a) through (d) above at our then-current hourly rates.
9.2 Process. We will promptly notify you of any claim subject to Section 9.1, but our failure to promptly notify you will only affect your obligations under Section 9.1 to the extent that our failure prejudices your ability to defend the claim. You may: (a) use counsel of your own choosing (subject to our written consent) to defend against any claim; and (b) settle the claim as you deem appropriate, provided that you obtain our prior written consent before entering into any settlement. We may also assume control of the defense and settlement of the claim at any time.
10. Disclaimers.
THE SERVICE OFFERINGS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS.” EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT PROHIBITED BY LAW, OR TO THE EXTENT ANY STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLY THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED, LIMITED OR WAIVED, WE AND OUR AFFILIATES AND LICENSORS (A) MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE REGARDING THE SERVICE OFFERINGS OR THE THIRD-PARTY CONTENT, AND (B) DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED OR EXPRESS WARRANTIES (I) OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR QUIET ENJOYMENT, (II) ARISING OUT OF ANY COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE, (III) THAT THE SERVICE OFFERINGS OR THIRD-PARTY CONTENT WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, ERROR FREE OR FREE OF HARMFUL COMPONENTS, AND (IV) THAT ANY CONTENT WILL BE SECURE OR NOT OTHERWISE LOST OR ALTERED.
11. Limitations of Liability.
WE AND OUR AFFILIATES AND LICENSORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, REVENUES, CUSTOMERS, OPPORTUNITIES, GOODWILL, USE, OR DATA), EVEN IF A PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. FURTHER, NEITHER WE NOR ANY OF OUR AFFILIATES OR LICENSORS WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY COMPENSATION, REIMBURSEMENT, OR DAMAGES ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH: (A) YOUR INABILITY TO USE THE SERVICES, INCLUDING AS A RESULT OF ANY (I) TERMINATION OR SUSPENSION OF THIS AGREEMENT OR YOUR USE OF OR ACCESS TO THE SERVICE OFFERINGS, (II) OUR DISCONTINUATION OF ANY OR ALL OF THE SERVICE OFFERINGS, OR, (III) ANY UNANTICIPATED OR UNSCHEDULED DOWNTIME OF ALL OR A PORTION OF THE SERVICES FOR ANY REASON; (B) THE COST OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; (C) ANY INVESTMENTS, EXPENDITURES, OR COMMITMENTS BY YOU IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR YOUR USE OF OR ACCESS TO THE SERVICE OFFERINGS; OR (D) ANY UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO, ALTERATION OF, OR THE DELETION, DESTRUCTION, DAMAGE, LOSS OR FAILURE TO STORE ANY OF YOUR CONTENT OR OTHER DATA. IN ANY CASE, OUR AND OUR AFFILIATES’ AND LICENSORS’ AGGREGATE LIABILITY UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT EXCEED THE AMOUNT YOU ACTUALLY PAY US UNDER THIS AGREEMENT FOR THE SERVICE THAT GAVE RISE TO THE CLAIM DURING THE 12 MONTHS BEFORE THE LIABILITY AROSE.
12. Modifications to the Agreement.
We may modify this Agreement (including any Policies) at any time by posting a revised version on the “Materials Square” Site or by otherwise notifying you in accordance with Section 13.10; provided. By continuing to use the Service Offerings after the effective date of any modifications to this Agreement, you agree to be bound by the modified terms. It is your responsibility to check the “Materials Square” Site regularly for modifications to this Agreement. We last modified this Agreement on the date listed at the end of this Agreement.
13. Miscellaneous.
13.1 Assignment. You will not assign or otherwise transfer this Agreement or any of your rights and obligations under this Agreement, without our prior written consent. Any assignment or transfer in violation of this Section 13.1 will be void. Subject to the foregoing, this Agreement will be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective permitted successors and assigns.
13.2 Entire Agreement.This Agreement incorporates the Policies by reference and is the entire agreement between you and us regarding the subject matter of this Agreement. This Agreement supersedes all prior or contemporaneous representations, understandings, agreements, or communications between you and us, whether written or verbal, regarding the subject matter of this. We will not be bound by, and specifically object to, any term, condition or other provision that is different from or in addition to the provisions of this Agreement (whether or not it would materially alter this Agreement) including for example, any term, condition or other provision (a) submitted by you in any order, receipt, acceptance, confirmation, correspondence or other document, (b) related to any online registration, response to any Request for Bid, Request for Proposal, Request for Information, or other questionnaire, or (c) related to any invoicing process that you submit or require us to complete. If the terms of this document are inconsistent with the terms contained in any Policy, the terms contained in this document will control, except that the Service Terms will control over this document.
13.3 Force Majeure.We and our affiliates will not be liable for any delay or failure to perform any obligation under this Agreement where the delay or failure results from any cause beyond our reasonable control, including acts of God, labor disputes or other industrial disturbances, electrical or power outages, utilities or other telecommunications failures, earthquake, storms or other elements of nature, blockages, embargoes, riots, acts or orders of government, acts of terrorism, or war.
13.4 Governing Law. The laws of Rebublic of Korea, without reference to conflict of law rules, govern this Agreement and any dispute of any sort that might arise between you and us. The United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods does not apply to this Agreement.
13.5 Disputes. Any dispute or claim relating in any way to your use of the Service Offerings, or to any products or services sold or distributed by Virtual Lab will be resolved in Seoul Central District court of Rebublic of Korea. We and you agree that any dispute resolution proceedings will be conducted only on an individual basis and not in a class, consolidated or representative action. Subject to Section 8.5, we and you both agree that you or we may bring suit in court to enjoin infringement or other misuse of intellectual property rights.
13.6 Trade Compliance.In connection with this Agreement, each party will comply with all applicable import, re-import, sanctions, anti-boycott, export, and re-export control laws and regulations, including all such laws and regulations that apply to a company of Rebulic of Korea.
13.7 Independent Contractors; Non-Exclusive Rights. We and you are independent contractors, and this Agreement will not be construed to create a partnership, joint venture, agency, or employment relationship. Neither party, nor any of their respective affiliates, is an agent of the other for any purpose or has the authority to bind the other. Both parties reserve the right (a) to develop or have developed for it products, services, concepts, systems, or techniques that are similar to or compete with the products, services, concepts, systems, or techniques developed or contemplated by the other party, and (b) to assist third party developers or systems integrators who may offer products or services which compete with the other party’s products or services.
13.8 Language.All communications and notices made or given pursuant to this Agreement must be in the English language. If we provide a translation of the English language version of this Agreement, the English language version of the Agreement will control if there is any conflict.
13.9 Confidentiality and Publicity. You may use “Materials Square” Confidential Information only in connection with your use of the Service Offerings as permitted under this Agreement. You will not disclose “Materials Square” Confidential Information during the Term or at any time during the 5-year period following the end of the Term. You will take all reasonable measures to avoid disclosure, dissemination or unauthorized use of “Materials Square” Confidential Information, including, at a minimum, those measures you take to protect your own confidential information of a similar nature. You will not issue any press release or make any other public communication with respect to this Agreement or your use of the Service Offerings.
13.10 Notice.
(a) To You. We may provide any notice to you under this Agreement by: (i) posting a notice on the “Materials Square” Site; or (ii) sending a message to the email address then associated with your account. Notices we provide by posting on the “Materials Square” Site will be effective upon posting and notices we provide by email will be effective when we send the email. It is your responsibility to keep your email address current. You will be deemed to have received any email sent to the email address then associated with your account when we send the email, whether or not you actually receive the email.
(b) To Us. To give us notice under this Agreement, you must contact Virtual Lab as follows: (i) by telephone to +82-2-3293-0204 ; or (ii) by personal delivery, overnight courier or registered or certified mail to Virtual Lap, Inc., (02792) 961c H-1, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Rebulic of Korea. We may update the telephone number or address for notices to us by posting a notice on the “Materials Square” Site. Notices provided by personal delivery will be effective immediately. Notices provided by facsimile transmission or overnight courier will be effective one business day after they are sent. Notices provided registered or certified mail will be effective three business days after they are sent.
13.11 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. Except as set forth in Section 9.1, this Agreement does not create any third-party beneficiary rights in any individual or entity that is not a party to this Agreement.
13.12 Government of Republic of Korea Rights. The Service Offerings are provided to the Government of Republic of Korea as “commercial items,” “commercial computer software,” “commercial computer software documentation,” and “technical data” with the same rights and restrictions generally applicable to the Service Offerings. If you are using the Service Offerings on behalf of the Government of Republic of Korea and these terms fail to meet the needs of the Government of Republic of Korea or are inconsistent in any respect with the law of Republic of Korea, you will immediately discontinue your use of the Service Offerings.
13.13 No Waivers. The failure by us to enforce any provision of this Agreement will not constitute a present or future waiver of such provision nor limit our right to enforce such provision at a later time. All waivers by us must be in writing to be effective.
13.14 Severability. If any portion of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining portions of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect. Any invalid or unenforceable portions will be interpreted to effect and intent of the original portion. If such construction is not possible, the invalid or unenforceable portion will be severed from this Agreement but the rest of the Agreement will remain in full force and effect.
14. Definitions.
“Account Information” includes names, usernames, phone numbers, email addresses and billing information associated with your “Materials Square” account.
“API” means an application program interface.
“Materials Square Confidential Information” means all nonpublic information disclosed by us, our affiliates, business partners or our or their respective employees, contractors or agents that is designated as confidential or that, given the nature of the information or circumstances surrounding its disclosure, reasonably should be understood to be confidential. “Materials Square” Confidential Information includes: (a) nonpublic information relating to our or our affiliates or business partners’ technology, customers, business plans, promotional and marketing activities, finances and other business affairs; (b) third-party information that we are obligated to keep confidential; and (c) the nature, content and existence of any discussions or negotiations between you and us or our affiliates. “Materials Square” Confidential Information does not include any information that: (i) is or becomes publicly available without breach of this Agreement; (ii) can be shown by documentation to have been known to you at the time of your receipt from us; (iii) is received from a third party who did not acquire or disclose the same by a wrongful or tortious act; or (iv) can be shown by documentation to have been independently developed by you without reference to the “Materials Square” Confidential Information.
“Materials Square Content”means Content we or any of our affiliates make available in connection with the Services or on the “Materials Square” Site to allow access to and use of the Services, including APIs; WSDLs; Documentation; sample code; software libraries; command line tools; proofs of concept; templates; and other related technology (including any of the foregoing that are provided by our personnel). “Materials Square” Content does not include the Services or Third-Party Content.
“Materials Square Marks” means any trademarks, service marks, service or trade names, logos, and other designations of “Materials Square” and its affiliates that we may make available to you in connection with this Agreement.
“Materials Square Site” means https://www.materialssquare.com (and any successor or related site designated by us), as may be updated by us from time to time.
“Content” means software (including machine images), data, text, audio, video or images.
“Documentation” means the user guides and admin guides (in each case exclusive of content referenced via hyperlink) for the Services located at https://docs.materialssquare.com (and any successor or related locations designated by us), as such user guides and admin guides may be updated by Virtual Lab from time to time.
“Indirect Taxes”means applicable taxes and duties, including, without limitation, VAT, Service Tax, GST, excise taxes, sales and transactions taxes, and gross receipts tax.
“Losses” means any claims, damages, losses, liabilities, costs, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees).
“Policies” means the Acceptable Use Policy, Privacy Policy, the Site Terms, the Service Terms, the Trademark Use Guidelines, all restrictions described in the “Materials Square” Content and on the “Materials Square” Site, and any other policy or terms referenced in or incorporated into this Agreement, but does not include whitepapers or other marketing materials referenced on the “Materials Square” Site.
“Privacy Policy”means the privacy policy located at http://www.materialssquare.com/privacy (and any successor or related locations designated by us), as it may be updated by us from time to time.
“Service” means each of the services made available by us or our affiliates, including those web services described in the Service Terms. Services do not include Third-Party Content.
“Service Attributes” means Service usage data related to your account, such as resource identifiers, metadata tags, security and access roles, rules, usage policies, permissions, usage statistics and analytics.
“Service Offerings”means the Services (including associated APIs), the “Materials Square” Content, the “Materials Square” Marks, and any other product or service provided by us under this Agreement. Service Offerings do not include Third-Party Content.
“Suggestions”means all suggested improvements to the Service Offerings that you provide to us.
“Term” means the term of this Agreement described in Section 7.1.
“Termination Date” means the effective date of termination provided in accordance with Section 7, in a notice from one party to the other.
“Third-Party Content” means Content made available to you by any third party on the “Materials Square” Site or in conjunction with the Services.
“Your Content” means Content that you or any End User transfers to us for processing, storage or hosting by the Services in connection with your “Materials Square” account and any computational results that you or any End User derive from the foregoing through their use of the Services.
“Your Submissions” means Content that you post or otherwise submit to developer forums, sample code repositories, public data repositories, or similar community-focused areas of the “Materials Square” Site, or any other part of the “Materials Square” Site that allows third parties to make available software, products or data.
Enforced May 8, 2017
고분자(Polymer): 유리전이온도 Tg (Glass Transition Temperature)와 녹는점 Tm(Melting Temperature)
오늘의 과목: 고분자재료물성
유리전이온도 Tg (glass transition temperature)란?
일단은 유리전이온도를 정의하기에 앞서서 결정질 고분자(crystalline polymer)와 비정질 고분자(amorphous polymer)를 정의할 필요가 있다.
(결정질과 비정질의 정의는 고분자 뿐만 아니라 금속, 세라믹 등의 다른 물질에서도 사용가능한 정의이다.)
먼저 결정질이란 물질 내부에 일정한 구조, 즉 규칙적 배열이 넓은 범위에서 존재하는 상태이며
비정질이란 물질 내부에 규칙적인 구조가 존재하지 않거나 규칙적인 배열이 매우 일부구간 존재하는 상태를 말한다.
비정질 고분자는 불규칙한 배열로만 이루어져있고
결정질 고분자는 사실 준결정성 고분자로 칭하는것이 더 정확한데 이 이유는 모든 결정질 고분자는 필연적으로 비정질인 부분을 포함하기 때문이다. 100% 결정질 고분자는 존재할수 없다. 이유는 고분자 사슬이 길기 때문에 비정질인 구간이 반드시 생기게 되기 때문이다.
이제 결정질 고분자/비정질 고분자에 대해 알았으니 유리전이온도에 대해서 알아보도록 하자.
유리전이온도란 고분자의 사슬의 Brownian motion이 이전에 비해 훨씬 활발해지는 온도를 뜻한다. 유리전이온도를 지나게 되면 딱딱했던 glass like 고분자가 말랑한 rubber like 특징을 나타나게 된다. 유리전이온도는 비정질 고분자에서 나타나며 따라서 유리전이온도를 비정질 고분자의 전이온도라고 볼수 있다.
(여기서 Brownian motion은 열에 의해 모양과 위치가 무작위로 변하는 운동을 의미한다.)
반면 결정질 고분자의 경우에는 유리전이온도와 녹는점 둘다를 가지고 있다.
먼저, 위에서 결정질 고분자는 일부 비정질 고분자로 이루어져있다고 했다. 따라서 결정질 고분자에서 나타나는 유리전이온도는 결정질 고분자 중에서 비정질 부분이 전이하는 온도이다. 다음으로 유리전이온도보다 더 높은 온도에서 녹는점(Tm: Melting Temperature)가 나타나는데, 이 녹는점은 결정질 고분자중 비정질 부분을 제외한 결정질 부분이 녹는 온도이다. 고분자가 녹는다는것은 고분자 사슬들이 규칙적인 배열을 잃게 됨을 의미한다.
정리해보면 유리전이온도는 비정질의 전이온도이고 녹는점은 결정질이 녹는점이다.
따라서 비정질 고분자는 유리전이온도만을 갖고, 결정질 고분자는 유리전이온도와 녹는점을 갖게 된다.
유리전이온도가 녹는점보다 항상 낮은데, 그 이유는 바로 비정질의 분자간 결합력이 결정질의 분자간 결합력보다 약하기 때문이다. 결합력이 약하면 낮은 에너지를 가해줘도 쉽게 결합이 끊어진다.
유리전이온도를 2차 전이점(second-order transition), 녹는점을 1차 전이점(first-order transition)이라고 부르기도 한다. (넘버링은 온도가 높은 순서대로 1, 2, 3…의 순서로 한다.)
Top 13 고분자 유리 전이 온도 표 5983 People Liked This Answer
Read More
Read More
See more articles in the same category here: https://toplist.halongpearl.vn/blog/.
Materials Square Customer Agreement
This Materials Square Customer Agreement (this “Agreement”) contains the terms and conditions that govern your access to and use of the “Materials Square” Service Offerings (as defined below) and is an agreement between Virtual Lab, Inc. (“Virtual Lab,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) and you or the entity you represent (“you” or “your”). This Agreement takes effect when you click an “Sign In” button or, if earlier, when you use any of the Service Offerings (the “Effective Date”). You represent to us that you are lawfully able to enter into contracts (e.g., you are not a minor). If you are entering into this Agreement for an entity, such as the company you work for, you represent to us that you have legal authority to bind that entity.
1. Use of the Service Offerings.
1.1 Generally.You may access and use the Service Offerings in accordance with this Agreement. Service Terms apply to certain Service Offerings. You will comply with the terms of this Agreement and all laws, rules and regulations applicable to your use of the Service Offerings.
1.2 Your Account.To access the Services, you must have an “Materials Square” account associated with a valid email address and a valid form of payment. Unless explicitly permitted by the Service Terms, you will only create one account per email address.
1.3 Third-Party Content.Third-Party Content may be used by you at your election. Third-Party Content is governed by this Agreement and, if applicable, separate terms and conditions accompanying such Third-Party Content, which terms and conditions may include separate fees and charges.
2. Changes.
2.1 To the Service Offerings. We may change or discontinue any or all of the Service Offerings or change or remove functionality of any or all of the Service Offerings from time to time. We will notify you of any material change to or discontinuation of the Service Offerings.
3. Security and Data Privacy.
3.1 Security. Without limiting Section 10 or your obligations under Section 4.2, we will implement reasonable and appropriate measures designed to help you secure Your Content against accidental or unlawful loss, access or disclosure.
3.2 Data Privacy. You consent to the storage of Your Content in, and transfer of Your Content into, the “Amazon Web Services” Server in which we have an account(“Materials Square Storage”). We will not access or use Your Content except as necessary to maintain or provide the Service Offerings, or as necessary to comply with the law or a binding order of a governmental body. We will not (a) disclose Your Content to any government or third party or (b) subject to Section 3.3, move Your Content from the “Materials Square Storage”; except in each case as necessary to comply with the law or a binding order of a governmental body. Unless it would violate the law or a binding order of a governmental body, we will give you notice of any legal requirement or order referred to in this Section 3.2. We will only use your Account Information in accordance with the Privacy Policy, and you consent to such usage. The Privacy Policy does not apply to Your Content.
3.3 Service Attributes. To provide billing and administration services, we may process Service Attributes in the Virtual Lab. To provide you with support services initiated by you and investigate fraud, abuse or violations of this Agreement, we may process Service Attributes where we maintain our support and investigation personnel.
4. Your Responsibilities.
4.1 Your Accounts.Except to the extent caused by our breach of this Agreement, (a) you are responsible for all activities that occur under your account, regardless of whether the activities are authorized by you or undertaken by you, your employees or a third party (including your contractors, agents or End Users), and (b) we and our affiliates are not responsible for unauthorized access to your account.
4.2 Your Content. You will ensure that Your Content, Your Submissions and Your and End Users’ use of Your Content, Your Submissions or the Service Offerings will not violate any of the Policies or any applicable law. You are solely responsible for the development, content, operation, maintenance, and use of Your Content and Your Submissions.
4.3 Your Security and Backup. You are responsible for properly configuring and using the Service Offerings and otherwise taking appropriate action to secure, protect and backup your accounts and Your Content in a manner that will provide appropriate security and protection, which might include use of encryption to protect Your Content from unauthorized access and routinely archiving Your Content.
4.4 Log-In Credentials and Account Keys. “Materials Square” log-in credentials and private keys generated by the Services are for your internal use only and you will not sell, transfer or sublicense them to any other entity or person, except that you may disclose your private key to your agents and subcontractors performing work on your behalf.
5. Fees and Payment.
5.1 Service Fees. We calculate and bill fees and charges hourly. We may bill you more frequently for fees accrued if we suspect that your account is fraudulent or at risk of non-payment. You will pay us the applicable fees and charges for use of the Service Offerings as using one of the payment methods we support. All amounts payable by you under this Agreement will be paid to us without setoff or counterclaim, and without any deduction or withholding. Fees and charges for any new Service or new feature of a Service will be effective when we post updated fees and charges on the “Materials Square” Site, unless we expressly state otherwise in a notice. We may increase or add new fees and charges for any existing Services you are using by giving you at least 15 days’ prior notice. We may elect to charge you interest at the rate of 1.5% per month (or the highest rate permitted by law, if less) on all late payments.
5.2 Taxes. Each party will be responsible, as required under applicable law, for identifying and paying all taxes and other governmental fees and charges (and any penalties, interest, and other additions thereto) that are imposed on that party upon or with respect to the transactions and payments under this Agreement. All fees payable by you are exclusive of Indirect Taxes. We may charge and you will pay applicable Indirect Taxes that we are legally obligated or authorized to collect from you. You will provide such information to us as reasonably required to determine whether we are obligated to collect Indirect Taxes from you. We will not collect, and you will not pay, any Indirect Tax for which you furnish us a properly completed exemption certificate or a direct payment permit certificate for which we may claim an available exemption from such Indirect Tax. All payments made by you to us under this Agreement will be made free and clear of any deduction or withholding, as may be required by law. If any such deduction or withholding (including but not limited to cross-border withholding taxes) is required on any payment, you will pay such additional amounts as are necessary so that the net amount received by us is equal to the amount then due and payable under this Agreement. We will provide you with such tax forms as are reasonably requested in order to reduce or eliminate the amount of any withholding or deduction for taxes in respect of payments made under this Agreement.
6. Temporary Suspension.
6.1 Generally. We may suspend your or any End User’s right to access or use any portion or all of the Service Offerings immediately upon notice to you if we determine:
(a) your or an End User’s use of the Service Offerings (i) poses a security risk to the Service Offerings or any third party, (ii) could adversely impact our systems, the Service Offerings or the systems or Content of any other “Materials Square” customer, (iii) could subject us, our affiliates, or any third party to liability, or (iv) could be fraudulent;
(b) you are, or any End User is, in breach of this Agreement;
(c) you are in breach of your payment obligations under Section 5; or
(d) you have ceased to operate in the ordinary course, made an assignment for the benefit of creditors or similar disposition of your assets, or become the subject of any bankruptcy, reorganization, liquidation, dissolution or similar proceeding.
6.2 Effect of Suspension. If we suspend your right to access or use any portion or all of the Service Offerings. You remain responsible for all fees and charges you incur during the period of suspension.
7. Term; Termination.
7.1 Term. The term of this Agreement will commence on the Effective Date and will remain in effect until terminated under this Section 7. Any notice of termination of this Agreement by either party to the other must include a Termination Date that complies with the notice periods in Section 7.2.
7.2 Termination.
(a) Termination for Convenience. You may terminate this Agreement for any reason by providing us notice and closing your account for all Services for which we provide an account closing mechanism. We may terminate this Agreement for any reason by providing you at least 15 days’ advance notice.
(b) Termination for Cause.
(i) By Either Party. Either party may terminate this Agreement for cause if the other party is in material breach of this Agreement and the material breach remains uncured for a period of 15 days from receipt of notice by the other party. No later than the Termination Date, you will close your account.
(ii) By Us. We may also terminate this Agreement immediately upon notice to you (A) for cause if we have the right to suspend under Section 6, (B) if our relationship with a third-party partner who provides software or other technology we use to provide the Service Offerings expires, terminates or requires us to change the way we provide the software or other technology as part of the Services, or (C) in order to comply with the law or requests of governmental entities.
7.3 Effect of Termination.
(a) Generally. Upon the Termination Date:
(i) except as provided in Section 7.3(b), all your rights under this Agreement immediately terminate;
(ii) you remain responsible for all fees and charges you have incurred through the Termination Date and are responsible for any fees and charges you incur during the post-termination period described in Section 7.3(b);
(iii) you will immediately return or, if instructed by us, destroy all “Materials Square” Content in your possession; and
(iv) Sections 4.1, 5, 7.3, 8 (except the license granted to you in Section 8.4), 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 will continue to apply in accordance with their terms.
(b) Post-Termination. Unless we terminate your use of the Service Offerings pursuant to Section 7.2(b), during the 15 days following the Termination Date:
(i) we will not take action to remove from the “Materials Square” systems any of Your Content as a result of the termination; and
(ii) we will allow you to retrieve Your Content from the Services only if you have paid all amounts due under this Agreement.
For any use of the Services after the Termination Date, the terms of this Agreement will apply and you will pay the applicable fees at the rates under Section 5.
8. Proprietary Rights.
8.1 Your Content. Except as provided in this Section 8, we obtain no rights under this Agreement from you (or your licensors) to Your Content. You consent to our use of Your Content to provide the Service Offerings to you and any End Users.
8.2 Your Submissions. Your Submissions will be governed by the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0, unless you request and we consent in writing to another license supported by us.
8.3 Adequate Rights.You represent and warrant to us that: (a) you or your licensors own all right, title, and interest in and to Your Content, Your Submissions and Suggestions; (b) you have all rights in Your Content, Your Submissions and Suggestions necessary to grant the rights contemplated by this Agreement; and (c) none of Your Content, Your Submissions or End Users’ use of Your Content, Your Submissions or the Service Offerings will violate the Acceptable Use Policy.
8.4 Service Offerings License. We or our licensors own all right, title, and interest in and to the Service Offerings, and all related technology and intellectual property rights. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, we grant you a limited, revocable, non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, non-transferrable license to do the following: (a) access and use the Services solely in accordance with this Agreement; and (b) copy and use the “Materials Square” Content solely in connection with your permitted use of the Services. Except as provided in this Section 8.4, you obtain no rights under this Agreement from us, our affiliates or our licensors to the Service Offerings, including any related intellectual property rights. Some “Materials Square” Content and Third-Party Content may be provided to you under a separate license, such as the Apache License, Version 2.0, or other open source license. In the event of a conflict between this Agreement and any separate license, the separate license will prevail with respect to the “Materials Square” Content or Third-Party Content that is the subject of such separate license.
8.5 License Restrictions. Neither you nor any End User will use the Service Offerings in any manner or for any purpose other than as expressly permitted by this Agreement. Neither you nor any End User will, or will attempt to (a) modify, distribute, alter, tamper with, repair, or otherwise create derivative works of any Content included in the Service Offerings (except to the extent Content included in the Service Offerings is provided to you under a separate license that expressly permits the creation of derivative works), (b) reverse engineer, disassemble, or decompile the Service Offerings or apply any other process or procedure to derive the source code of any software included in the Service Offerings (except to the extent applicable law doesn’t allow this restriction), (c) access or use the Service Offerings in a way intended to avoid incurring fees or exceeding usage limits or quotas, or (d) resell or sublicense the Service Offerings. During and after the Term, you will not assert, nor will you authorize, assist, or encourage any third party to assert, any intellectual property infringement claim regarding any Service Offerings you have used. You may only use the “Materials Square” Marks in accordance with the Trademark Use Guidelines. You will not misrepresent or embellish the relationship between us and you (including by expressing or implying that we support, sponsor, endorse, or contribute to you or your business endeavors). You will not imply any relationship or affiliation between us and you except as expressly permitted by this Agreement.
8.6 Suggestions. If you provide any Suggestions to us or our affiliates, we and our affiliates will be entitled to use the Suggestions without restriction. You hereby irrevocably assign to us all right, title, and interest in and to the Suggestions and agree to provide us any assistance we require to document, perfect, and maintain our rights in the Suggestions.
9. Indemnification.
9.1 General.You will defend, indemnify, and hold harmless us, our affiliates and licensors, and each of their respective employees, officers, directors, and representatives from and against any Losses arising out of or relating to any third-party claim concerning: (a) your or any End Users’ use of the Service Offerings (including any activities under your “Materials Square” account and use by your employees and personnel); (b) breach of this Agreement or violation of applicable law by you, End Users, Your Content or Your Submissions; (c) Your Content or Your Submissions or the combination of Your Content or Your Submissions with other applications, content or processes, including any claim involving alleged infringement or misappropriation of third-party rights by Your Content or Your Submissions, or by the use, development, design, production, advertising or marketing of Your Content or Your Submissions; or (d) a dispute between you and any End User. You will reimburse us for reasonable attorneys’ fees, as well as our employees’ and contractors’ time and materials spent responding to any third party subpoena or other compulsory legal order or process associated with third party claims described in (a) through (d) above at our then-current hourly rates.
9.2 Process. We will promptly notify you of any claim subject to Section 9.1, but our failure to promptly notify you will only affect your obligations under Section 9.1 to the extent that our failure prejudices your ability to defend the claim. You may: (a) use counsel of your own choosing (subject to our written consent) to defend against any claim; and (b) settle the claim as you deem appropriate, provided that you obtain our prior written consent before entering into any settlement. We may also assume control of the defense and settlement of the claim at any time.
10. Disclaimers.
THE SERVICE OFFERINGS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS.” EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT PROHIBITED BY LAW, OR TO THE EXTENT ANY STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLY THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED, LIMITED OR WAIVED, WE AND OUR AFFILIATES AND LICENSORS (A) MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE REGARDING THE SERVICE OFFERINGS OR THE THIRD-PARTY CONTENT, AND (B) DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED OR EXPRESS WARRANTIES (I) OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR QUIET ENJOYMENT, (II) ARISING OUT OF ANY COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE, (III) THAT THE SERVICE OFFERINGS OR THIRD-PARTY CONTENT WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, ERROR FREE OR FREE OF HARMFUL COMPONENTS, AND (IV) THAT ANY CONTENT WILL BE SECURE OR NOT OTHERWISE LOST OR ALTERED.
11. Limitations of Liability.
WE AND OUR AFFILIATES AND LICENSORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, REVENUES, CUSTOMERS, OPPORTUNITIES, GOODWILL, USE, OR DATA), EVEN IF A PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. FURTHER, NEITHER WE NOR ANY OF OUR AFFILIATES OR LICENSORS WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY COMPENSATION, REIMBURSEMENT, OR DAMAGES ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH: (A) YOUR INABILITY TO USE THE SERVICES, INCLUDING AS A RESULT OF ANY (I) TERMINATION OR SUSPENSION OF THIS AGREEMENT OR YOUR USE OF OR ACCESS TO THE SERVICE OFFERINGS, (II) OUR DISCONTINUATION OF ANY OR ALL OF THE SERVICE OFFERINGS, OR, (III) ANY UNANTICIPATED OR UNSCHEDULED DOWNTIME OF ALL OR A PORTION OF THE SERVICES FOR ANY REASON; (B) THE COST OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; (C) ANY INVESTMENTS, EXPENDITURES, OR COMMITMENTS BY YOU IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR YOUR USE OF OR ACCESS TO THE SERVICE OFFERINGS; OR (D) ANY UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO, ALTERATION OF, OR THE DELETION, DESTRUCTION, DAMAGE, LOSS OR FAILURE TO STORE ANY OF YOUR CONTENT OR OTHER DATA. IN ANY CASE, OUR AND OUR AFFILIATES’ AND LICENSORS’ AGGREGATE LIABILITY UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT EXCEED THE AMOUNT YOU ACTUALLY PAY US UNDER THIS AGREEMENT FOR THE SERVICE THAT GAVE RISE TO THE CLAIM DURING THE 12 MONTHS BEFORE THE LIABILITY AROSE.
12. Modifications to the Agreement.
We may modify this Agreement (including any Policies) at any time by posting a revised version on the “Materials Square” Site or by otherwise notifying you in accordance with Section 13.10; provided. By continuing to use the Service Offerings after the effective date of any modifications to this Agreement, you agree to be bound by the modified terms. It is your responsibility to check the “Materials Square” Site regularly for modifications to this Agreement. We last modified this Agreement on the date listed at the end of this Agreement.
13. Miscellaneous.
13.1 Assignment. You will not assign or otherwise transfer this Agreement or any of your rights and obligations under this Agreement, without our prior written consent. Any assignment or transfer in violation of this Section 13.1 will be void. Subject to the foregoing, this Agreement will be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective permitted successors and assigns.
13.2 Entire Agreement.This Agreement incorporates the Policies by reference and is the entire agreement between you and us regarding the subject matter of this Agreement. This Agreement supersedes all prior or contemporaneous representations, understandings, agreements, or communications between you and us, whether written or verbal, regarding the subject matter of this. We will not be bound by, and specifically object to, any term, condition or other provision that is different from or in addition to the provisions of this Agreement (whether or not it would materially alter this Agreement) including for example, any term, condition or other provision (a) submitted by you in any order, receipt, acceptance, confirmation, correspondence or other document, (b) related to any online registration, response to any Request for Bid, Request for Proposal, Request for Information, or other questionnaire, or (c) related to any invoicing process that you submit or require us to complete. If the terms of this document are inconsistent with the terms contained in any Policy, the terms contained in this document will control, except that the Service Terms will control over this document.
13.3 Force Majeure.We and our affiliates will not be liable for any delay or failure to perform any obligation under this Agreement where the delay or failure results from any cause beyond our reasonable control, including acts of God, labor disputes or other industrial disturbances, electrical or power outages, utilities or other telecommunications failures, earthquake, storms or other elements of nature, blockages, embargoes, riots, acts or orders of government, acts of terrorism, or war.
13.4 Governing Law. The laws of Rebublic of Korea, without reference to conflict of law rules, govern this Agreement and any dispute of any sort that might arise between you and us. The United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods does not apply to this Agreement.
13.5 Disputes. Any dispute or claim relating in any way to your use of the Service Offerings, or to any products or services sold or distributed by Virtual Lab will be resolved in Seoul Central District court of Rebublic of Korea. We and you agree that any dispute resolution proceedings will be conducted only on an individual basis and not in a class, consolidated or representative action. Subject to Section 8.5, we and you both agree that you or we may bring suit in court to enjoin infringement or other misuse of intellectual property rights.
13.6 Trade Compliance.In connection with this Agreement, each party will comply with all applicable import, re-import, sanctions, anti-boycott, export, and re-export control laws and regulations, including all such laws and regulations that apply to a company of Rebulic of Korea.
13.7 Independent Contractors; Non-Exclusive Rights. We and you are independent contractors, and this Agreement will not be construed to create a partnership, joint venture, agency, or employment relationship. Neither party, nor any of their respective affiliates, is an agent of the other for any purpose or has the authority to bind the other. Both parties reserve the right (a) to develop or have developed for it products, services, concepts, systems, or techniques that are similar to or compete with the products, services, concepts, systems, or techniques developed or contemplated by the other party, and (b) to assist third party developers or systems integrators who may offer products or services which compete with the other party’s products or services.
13.8 Language.All communications and notices made or given pursuant to this Agreement must be in the English language. If we provide a translation of the English language version of this Agreement, the English language version of the Agreement will control if there is any conflict.
13.9 Confidentiality and Publicity. You may use “Materials Square” Confidential Information only in connection with your use of the Service Offerings as permitted under this Agreement. You will not disclose “Materials Square” Confidential Information during the Term or at any time during the 5-year period following the end of the Term. You will take all reasonable measures to avoid disclosure, dissemination or unauthorized use of “Materials Square” Confidential Information, including, at a minimum, those measures you take to protect your own confidential information of a similar nature. You will not issue any press release or make any other public communication with respect to this Agreement or your use of the Service Offerings.
13.10 Notice.
(a) To You. We may provide any notice to you under this Agreement by: (i) posting a notice on the “Materials Square” Site; or (ii) sending a message to the email address then associated with your account. Notices we provide by posting on the “Materials Square” Site will be effective upon posting and notices we provide by email will be effective when we send the email. It is your responsibility to keep your email address current. You will be deemed to have received any email sent to the email address then associated with your account when we send the email, whether or not you actually receive the email.
(b) To Us. To give us notice under this Agreement, you must contact Virtual Lab as follows: (i) by telephone to +82-2-3293-0204 ; or (ii) by personal delivery, overnight courier or registered or certified mail to Virtual Lap, Inc., (02792) 961c H-1, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Rebulic of Korea. We may update the telephone number or address for notices to us by posting a notice on the “Materials Square” Site. Notices provided by personal delivery will be effective immediately. Notices provided by facsimile transmission or overnight courier will be effective one business day after they are sent. Notices provided registered or certified mail will be effective three business days after they are sent.
13.11 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. Except as set forth in Section 9.1, this Agreement does not create any third-party beneficiary rights in any individual or entity that is not a party to this Agreement.
13.12 Government of Republic of Korea Rights. The Service Offerings are provided to the Government of Republic of Korea as “commercial items,” “commercial computer software,” “commercial computer software documentation,” and “technical data” with the same rights and restrictions generally applicable to the Service Offerings. If you are using the Service Offerings on behalf of the Government of Republic of Korea and these terms fail to meet the needs of the Government of Republic of Korea or are inconsistent in any respect with the law of Republic of Korea, you will immediately discontinue your use of the Service Offerings.
13.13 No Waivers. The failure by us to enforce any provision of this Agreement will not constitute a present or future waiver of such provision nor limit our right to enforce such provision at a later time. All waivers by us must be in writing to be effective.
13.14 Severability. If any portion of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining portions of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect. Any invalid or unenforceable portions will be interpreted to effect and intent of the original portion. If such construction is not possible, the invalid or unenforceable portion will be severed from this Agreement but the rest of the Agreement will remain in full force and effect.
14. Definitions.
“Account Information” includes names, usernames, phone numbers, email addresses and billing information associated with your “Materials Square” account.
“API” means an application program interface.
“Materials Square Confidential Information” means all nonpublic information disclosed by us, our affiliates, business partners or our or their respective employees, contractors or agents that is designated as confidential or that, given the nature of the information or circumstances surrounding its disclosure, reasonably should be understood to be confidential. “Materials Square” Confidential Information includes: (a) nonpublic information relating to our or our affiliates or business partners’ technology, customers, business plans, promotional and marketing activities, finances and other business affairs; (b) third-party information that we are obligated to keep confidential; and (c) the nature, content and existence of any discussions or negotiations between you and us or our affiliates. “Materials Square” Confidential Information does not include any information that: (i) is or becomes publicly available without breach of this Agreement; (ii) can be shown by documentation to have been known to you at the time of your receipt from us; (iii) is received from a third party who did not acquire or disclose the same by a wrongful or tortious act; or (iv) can be shown by documentation to have been independently developed by you without reference to the “Materials Square” Confidential Information.
“Materials Square Content”means Content we or any of our affiliates make available in connection with the Services or on the “Materials Square” Site to allow access to and use of the Services, including APIs; WSDLs; Documentation; sample code; software libraries; command line tools; proofs of concept; templates; and other related technology (including any of the foregoing that are provided by our personnel). “Materials Square” Content does not include the Services or Third-Party Content.
“Materials Square Marks” means any trademarks, service marks, service or trade names, logos, and other designations of “Materials Square” and its affiliates that we may make available to you in connection with this Agreement.
“Materials Square Site” means https://www.materialssquare.com (and any successor or related site designated by us), as may be updated by us from time to time.
“Content” means software (including machine images), data, text, audio, video or images.
“Documentation” means the user guides and admin guides (in each case exclusive of content referenced via hyperlink) for the Services located at https://docs.materialssquare.com (and any successor or related locations designated by us), as such user guides and admin guides may be updated by Virtual Lab from time to time.
“Indirect Taxes”means applicable taxes and duties, including, without limitation, VAT, Service Tax, GST, excise taxes, sales and transactions taxes, and gross receipts tax.
“Losses” means any claims, damages, losses, liabilities, costs, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees).
“Policies” means the Acceptable Use Policy, Privacy Policy, the Site Terms, the Service Terms, the Trademark Use Guidelines, all restrictions described in the “Materials Square” Content and on the “Materials Square” Site, and any other policy or terms referenced in or incorporated into this Agreement, but does not include whitepapers or other marketing materials referenced on the “Materials Square” Site.
“Privacy Policy”means the privacy policy located at http://www.materialssquare.com/privacy (and any successor or related locations designated by us), as it may be updated by us from time to time.
“Service” means each of the services made available by us or our affiliates, including those web services described in the Service Terms. Services do not include Third-Party Content.
“Service Attributes” means Service usage data related to your account, such as resource identifiers, metadata tags, security and access roles, rules, usage policies, permissions, usage statistics and analytics.
“Service Offerings”means the Services (including associated APIs), the “Materials Square” Content, the “Materials Square” Marks, and any other product or service provided by us under this Agreement. Service Offerings do not include Third-Party Content.
“Suggestions”means all suggested improvements to the Service Offerings that you provide to us.
“Term” means the term of this Agreement described in Section 7.1.
“Termination Date” means the effective date of termination provided in accordance with Section 7, in a notice from one party to the other.
“Third-Party Content” means Content made available to you by any third party on the “Materials Square” Site or in conjunction with the Services.
“Your Content” means Content that you or any End User transfers to us for processing, storage or hosting by the Services in connection with your “Materials Square” account and any computational results that you or any End User derive from the foregoing through their use of the Services.
“Your Submissions” means Content that you post or otherwise submit to developer forums, sample code repositories, public data repositories, or similar community-focused areas of the “Materials Square” Site, or any other part of the “Materials Square” Site that allows third parties to make available software, products or data.
Enforced May 8, 2017
(공유) 고분자 Tg(유리전이온도), Tm(녹는점)
고분자는 크게 결정성(Crystalline) 고분자와 무정형(Amorphous) 고분자로 나뉜다.
무정형 고분자는 100% 무정형인 고분자를 말한다.
반면 결정이 100%가 아니어도, 결정이 있으면 결정성 고분자라 한다.
고분자의 사슬은 대단히 길기 때문에 완벽한 결정 구조를 얻기란 힘든 일이고, 결정성 고분자라 하더라도 무정형 부분이 있는 경우가 대부분이기 때문이다. 무정형인 부분은 고분자에 따라 다르며 보통 40-70%이다.
따라서 엄밀하게는 다음과 같이 말할 수 있다.
완전 결정성 결정성+무정형 완전 무정형
Tm(용융 온도, 녹는 온도)은 고분자결정 구조에서 고분자 사슬이 펼쳐져 정돈된 구조를 잃는 것을 의미한다.
Tg 는 비결정성의 상태에 온도를 올려주었을 때 점성의 유체(고무와 같은 상태)로 변하는 온도이다.
결정성 고분자는 Tm값을 갖으며,
100% 결정성 고분자를 제외하고는 무정형인 부분이 있으므로 Tg 값도 갖는다.
반면 무정형 고분자는 오직 Tg만 갖는다.
Tg 전의 물질은 딱딱한 유리 상의 고체이며 Tg를 지나며 탄성을 가진 고무처럼 변하고 그 뒤에 열을 계속 가하면 녹기 시작한다. 그러므로 유리전이 온도 값이 높으면 잘 안 녹는다는 걸 의미한다.
Tg 를 높이는 요소로는 주사슬의 유동성, 사슬의 단순성이 있다.
[출처] Tm 과 Tg (무정형/결정성 고분자)|작성자 mbong2(http://mjn9112.blog.me/220007526625)
ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ
Tg란,
원래는 말그대로 유리재료에서 처음 유래되어 사용된 말이었는데…
요즘에는 고분자재료에서 플라스틱의 중요한 특성으로 주로 사용되죠.
자연계의 모든 물질은 3상(고체, 액체, 기체)가 존재하고,
액체에서 고체로 전이될 때, 결정화가 이루어집니다…
(급냉…같은 특수한 냉각방식을 제외하고)
그러나, 고분자재료는 액체에서 온도를 내려, 고체가 될때, 결정화가 일으키지 않고,
비결정(유리와 같은 상태)과 결정이 혼재하게 되고…
고체를 정의하는 화학법칙에 맞지 않기 때문에, 어느점(또는 녹는점)이 아닌
Tg(glass transition temperature, 유리전이온도)라고 부릅니다.
용어정의로는 분자의 알파탄소가 마이크로브라우닝 운동… 즉, 진동이 일어나는 온도라도 하지만…
아주 쉽게 말한다면,
다소 딱딱한 플라스틱을 손이나 쥐었을 때나, 온도를 높였을 때, 유연해지는 양상을 볼 수 있습니다.
겨울에 딱딱해진 플라스틱에 녹지 않을 만큼, 따뜻한 열을 가하면, 딱딱한 플라스틱이 부드러워지고 유연해지는 특성…
딱딱한 것이 유연해지는 그 온도가 바로 유리전이 온도입니다.
“고체상태 – 유리전이온도(또 하나의 상변화) – 액체상태 -”
(자연계 물질에서 존재하는, 녹는점, 어는점, 끓는점, 외에 또하나의 상이 변하는 온도라고 생각하셔도 될겁니다.)
일상에서 가장 쉽게 볼 수 있는 것이 바로 껌인데…
껌이 포장지에 있을 때는, 딱딱한 상태이지만,
손으로 만지작 거리면 부드러워지는 것을 알수 있습니다.
껌을 입으로 씹었을 때는… 부드러운 고무를 씹는 느낌인데,
이 때 찬물을 마시면 입안에서 다시 딱딱해지는 것을 경험했을 겁니다.
이건, 껌의 유리전이온도가 사람의 체온 정도가 된다는 것을 의미합니다.
녹는점이라는것이 물질의 고유한 특성이기 때문에 물질을 평가하는 중요한 요소입니다,
그러나, 고분자재료에서는 유리전이온도가 중요한 요소가 되는 이유는…
고분자재료는 경우에 따라, 녹는점이 존재하지 않는 경우도 있지만,
유리전이온도는 모든 고분자재료가 가지고 있는 특징이기 때문입니다.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
폴리머에는 종류가 여러가지가 있어요… 염화비닐 여러개를 중합시켜서 만들어진것이 폴리염화비닐(PVC)입니다.
화학식으로 나타내면 – (CH2-CH)-(CH2CH)n- 이렇게 여러개가 붙어 있는것입니다.
｜ ｜
Cl Cl
이 PVC는 열경화성플라스틱으로서 열에 상당히 강한 특징을 가지고 있습니다. (열에의해 쉽게 형태가 변하지 않음) 그래서 주로 쓰이는곳이, 파이프라던가, 호스 등에 많이 사용하고
폴리에틸렌은 에틸렌이 중합되어서 얻어지는 것입니다. 화학식은 – (CH2-CH2)-(CH2CH2)n- 이죠… PVC와의 차이점을 아시겠죠?? 에틸렌을 이루는 탄소에 염소원자가 치환되어 있느냐 아니냐의 차이점인데… 이 한가지의 차이점으로 많은 특성이 나타나게 됩니다. 결정화도가 높아지고… 뭐 이렇게 많은데… 생략… 폴리에틸렌은 주 용도로, 상품포장용 비닐, 지퍼팩, 위생봉투등 에 많이 사용됩니다.
(참고로, 상품포장용비닐에서 비닐과 폴리염화비닐의 비닐은 같은 비닐이 아닙니다.)
상품포장용비닐은 (필름)의 변형어(일제시대때) 이고, 폴리염화비닐의 비닐은 화학구조의 비닐기 (Vinyl) 를 나타냅니다.)
보통화합물의 분자수는 1몰당 6.02*10^23 개의 분자수가 존재한다고 하고, 분자량은 각 물질의 고유한 특징이기 때문에 모든 물질은 분자량은 다 다릅니다. 그러나 고분자는 특별하게 이 어느특정한 만큼의 분자량을 가진 물질들이 붙어서 그 분자량이 거대하게 커진 특대분자량을 가진 물질이다라고 생각하시면 됩니다.
우선 비닐은 필름이라는걸 염두에 두십시오. 비닐과 고무의 차이점을 먼저 설명드리면…. 필름은 상온에서 결정화도가 높고, 상온에서 딱딱하고, 필름(얇은막)의 형태로 만들기 쉽기때문에 포장재용으로 많이 사용하고 (Tg가 높아요) 고무는 끈적끈적한 성질을 가지고 있어 필름형성이 쉽지 않고, 상온에서는 끈적끈적한 상태를 띠고, 탄성을 가지고 있습니다. (Tg 낮음)
열과 압력을 이용하여 성형을 해서 모든 고분자제품을 만듭니다. 어떤 성질의 제품인가에 따라 들어가는 첨가재가 틀려지긴 합니다만 기본적으로 제품 만들때 쓰이는건 온도와 압력입니다.
————————————————————————————
고분자에서 말하는 유리전이 온도 (glass transition Temp.-Tg)란 말 그대로 고분자가 유리상태에서 고무상태로, 또는 그 반대로 상이 전이하는 온도입니다.
Tg에 대한 여러가지 정의가 있을 수 있겠지만 그 중 하나로 고분자 사슬이 움직이기 시작하는 온도로 정의를 내릴 수 있겠습니다.
상온에서 딱딱한 고체 상태인 열가소성 고분자에 열을 가했을 때에 부드러워지기 시작하는 온도와 마찬가지겠지요.
이 Tg 는 고분자의 morphology에 따라 그 온도가 천차만별이고 이 값은 그 물질의 고유값으로 같은 물질일 경우에는 그 값이 변하지가 않습니다.
이 온도값의 크고 작음은
1.고분자 사슬들간의 연결이 어떻게 되어 있는지, 또한
2.고분자 사슬들이 구조적으로 어떻게 배열되어있는지, 이 두가지 요인에 의해
크게 달라질 수 있다고 할 수 있겠습니다.
1번의 예로, 고분자 사슬들이 어떠한 1차결합(primary bond)으로도 연결되어 있지 않고, 단지 분자간 결합 (또는 Van der Waals force)로만 되어있는 고분자 A와,
사슬간에 crosslinking이 되어 있거나 고분자 사슬들이 H-BOND (2차 결합이지만 분자간 결합보다 결합 에너지가 훨씬 큰 결합)로 연결되어 있는 고분자 B가 있다고 한다면, 외부에서 열이 가해질 때에 사슬의 움직이기 시작하는 온도가 고분자 A 보다 B가 훨씬 높다고 할 수 있겠지요. 강한 결합을 끊으려면 더 큰 에너지가 필요하니까요.
2번의 예로는, 폴리에틸렌 (탄소와 산소로만 이루어진 대표적 선형 고분자)중에, 엉킨 실타래와 같은 무정형 고분자 C와 모든 사슬들이 같은 축 방향으로 나란히 늘어서 있는 결정형 고분자 D 가 있다고 한다면, D의 경우 사슬간의 분자간 결합 에너지가 무정형인 C 고분자보다 훨씬 크므로 D의 온도가 C의 온도보다 높겠죠. (LDPE와 HDPE의 차이점)
Tg가 고분자의 분자량 등에도 영향을 받을 수 있지만, 열적 성질은 고분자의 분자량이 일정 값 이상이 되면 분자량에 관계없이 일정값을 갖게 됩니다.
————————————————————————————
1.유리상 영역(glass region)
탄성율이 10에 9승 Pa을 넘는 부분.
고분자의 외관상 특징은 흔히 매우 딱딱하고 조그만 충격에도 깨지기 쉽다.
열에너지가 회전이나 평행이동이 시작되는 데에 필요한 에너지장벽을 극복하기에는
충분치 못해 고분자사슬들이 전혀 움직이지 못하고 주어진 위치에 얼어 있는 상태.
2.유리전이영역(Tg)
온도가 상승함에 따라 진동운동의 진폭이 커지고 열에너지가 회전 도는 평행이동에
필요한 에너지장벽과 비슷한 수준에 이름.
이런 상태의 고분자들은 확산이 가능하고 고분자분절들은 한 위치에서 다른 위치로 이동이 가능하게 됨.
외관상으로는 딱딱하던 물질이 다소 유연해지며 탄성률로는 1000배 이상의 감소를 보임
그밖에도 많은 물성에 급격한 변화가 초래됨.
유리영역에서는 1~4개의 탄소가 연결된 분절의 운동만 가능하지만 Tg영역에서는 10~50개의 탄소가 연결된 분절의 운동이 가능한 광범위분자동이 시작되는 점이라고 할수 있다.
3.고무평탄영역(Rubbery plateau region)
급격한 탄성률의 감소를 보이는 Tg영역을 지나 더 온도가 상승하게 되면 탄성률이 2*10에 6승 Pa 내외로 상당온도 동안 일정하게 유지되는 부분.
분자의 확산이 더욱 활발해지나 광범위분자운동은 아직도 상당한 제약을 받는데
열가소성수지의 경우에는 분자들 간의 얽힘 또는 열경화성수지의 경우에는 화학적 결합에 의한 가교구조에 기인.
외관상으로 소위 고무탄성을 보이나 이는 몇 백%이상 신장이 가능하고 힘을 제거하면 제자리로 돌아오게 됨.
열경화성,열가소성수지는 이 영역에서 다소 다른 특징을 보임.
열가소성수지의 경우 탄성률이 그대로 유지되는 것이 아니라 온도의 상승에 따라 완만한 감소를 보임.
열경화성수지의 경우 일정한 값을 유지하게 되며, 이때의 탄성률은 E=3nRT의 식을 만족.
n=은 활성사슬분절의 개수를 의미.
분자량 또한 고무평탄영역의 모습에 영향을 주며 분자량이 증가하면 가능한 고분자사슬의 얽힘의 정도가 증가하여 고무평탄영역의 길이가 길어진다.
4.고무흐름영역(Rubbery flow region)
분자운동이 매우 활발하여 대규모의 본격적인 평행이동이 가능.
이 영역에 속한 고분자물질은 실험상에 따라 실험시간에 의존하여 짧은 실험시간의 실험에 의하면 고무탄성이, 긴 실험시간의 실험에 의하면 흐름성이 관찰되는 양면성을 보이게 됨.
이는 외부에서 가해진 변형속도가 고분자사슬들의 운동속도보다 빠르게 되면 상대적으로 딱딱하게, 느릴 경우에는 응답할 충분한 여유가 있으므로 흐르고 있는 것처럼 느끼게 되는 것과 마찬가지 이치이다.
이 영역은 무정형 열가소성수지에서만 관찰됨.
5.액체흐름영역(Liquid region)
더 높은 온도에서는 완전한 액체와 같은 흐름을 나타냄.
충분한 열에너지는 더 이상 분자들 간의 얽힘이 광역분자운동의 장애로 작용하지 않을 정도로 충분하여 마치 독립된 분자들처럼 이동이 가능하게 됨.
출처 : http://blog.naver.com/jjhcj000/80038245663
고분자의 유리전이온도, 결정화온도, 용융온도 정의와 차이 Tg, Tc, Tm 차이
728×90
반응형
이번엔 비교적 간단한 주제를 말하고자 한다. 이전에도 얘기한 바가 있지만, 좀 더 부가설명을 하고자 게시물을 작성하였다. 폴리머는 크게 2가지 재료로 나뉜다.
비정질(amorphous)과 반결정(semicrystalline)
Glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, melting temperature definition and difference of polymer Tg, Tc, Tm difference
– 비정질은 분자 구조가 무질서한 것을 말한다. 구조가 흐물흐물하다.
– 반결정성 구조는 분자 구조가 질서 있게 배열된 것을 말한다.
– Amorphous means that the molecular structure is disordered. structure is flimsy.
– Semi-crystalline structure refers to an orderly arrangement of molecular structures.
폴리머에서 완벽한 100% 결정성 구조는 없다. 비정질 부분이 항상 존재하기 때문에 결정성보다 반결정성이 좀 더 정확한 표현이다.
여기서 Tg는 고분자의 segment가 고정되지 않고 움직이기 시작하는 온도이며, 비결정성 부분이 움직이는 온도이기도 하다. *segment(분절)는 특정수 이상의 분자를 이루고 있는 구조를 말하는데, 아래 사진을 참고하면 좋을 것 같다.
There is no 100% crystalline structure in a polymer. Since the amorphous part is always present, semi-crystalline rather than crystalline is a more accurate expression.
Here, Tg is the temperature at which the polymer segment starts to move without being fixed, and it is also the temperature at which the amorphous part moves. *Segment refers to a structure comprising more than a certain number of molecules. It would be good to refer to the picture below.
source : Shape-Memory Properties of Segmented Polymers Containing Aramid Hard Segments and Polycaprolactone Soft Segments
이를 ‘유리전이온도’라고 한다. 일반적인 PP의 경우 Tg는 -10도이다. 이후 결정성 부분이 녹기 시작하는 온도를 결정화 온도라고 한다. 이는 Tc라고 표기되며, 결정화 온도의 한계치를 용융 온도(Tm)라고 한다.
This is called the ‘glass transition temperature’. For normal PP, Tg is -10 degrees.
After that, the temperature at which the crystal part starts to melt is called the crystallization temperature. It is denoted by Tc and the limit of the crystallization temperature is called the melting temperature (Tm).
이처럼 반결정성 구조는 비정질과 결정성이 같이 있기 때문에 유리전이온도와 결정화 온도, 용융 온도가 존재한다.
또한, 유리전이온도를 넘으면 비정질 부분이 움직이고, 고분자의 세그먼트 모션이 시작되기 때문에 고체가 아닌 고무의 특성(점탄성)을 가지게 된다. 이후 결정화 온도와 용융 온도를 넘어가면 액상이 되며 상전이가 일어난다.
다만, 비정질 재료의 경우엔 결정성 구조가 없으므로, 유리전이온도만 존재하며, 이를 넘어가면 상이 바뀐다.
As such, since the semicrystalline structure has both amorphous and crystalline properties, a glass transition temperature, a crystallization temperature, and a melting temperature exist.
In addition, when the glass transition temperature is exceeded, the amorphous part moves and the segment motion of the polymer starts, so it has the characteristic of rubber (viscoelasticity) rather than a solid. After that, when the crystallization temperature and melting temperature are exceeded, it becomes a liquid phase and a phase transition occurs.
However, in the case of an amorphous material, since there is no crystalline structure, only the glass transition temperature exists, and when it exceeds this, the phase changes.
728×90
반응형
[보고서]공 충돌 실험을 이용한 고분자의 유리 전이 온도 측정 기술 개발
초록
▼
고분자 물질의 유리 전이 온도는 가공과 열 안정성 판단에 있어 매우 중요함. 이는 고분자 물질의 물성이 유리 전이 온도에서 딱딱하고 깨지기 쉬운 상태에서 부드럽고 유연한 상태로 극적으로 변하기 때문임. 그러나 현재 유리 전이 온도를 …
고분자 물질의 유리 전이 온도는 가공과 열 안정성 판단에 있어 매우 중요함. 이는 고분자 물질의 물성이 유리 전이 온도에서 딱딱하고 깨지기 쉬운 상태에서 부드럽고 유연한 상태로 극적으로 변하기 때문임. 그러나 현재 유리 전이 온도를 측정하는 방법들에는 in-situ 측정이 불가하다는 것, 별도의 측정용 샘플을 만들어주어야 한다는 것, 복잡한 구조의 고분자 물질들은 유리 전이 온도는 측정이 어렵다는 것 등 한계가 있음.
본 기술은 고분자 물질이 유리 전이 온도에서 외부에서 전달된 에너지를 고분자 사슬간의 마찰 등으로 가장 많이 소산시킨다는 점에 착안하여, 온도를 바꾸어가면서 공을 샘플에 충돌시키며 튀어 오르는 높이(반환 계수)를 측정하면 유리 전이 온도에서 가장 낮게 튀어 오를 것이라는 생각을 바탕으로 개발됨.
한편, 본 기술을 통해 측정된 유리 전이 온도는 공이 물질에 충돌하는 짧은 시간 동안에 측정된 유리 전이 온도로, 매우 높은 진동수 범위에서의 측정값임. 이는 일반적으로 잘 알려진 고분자의 유리전이 온도에 비해 높은 값이며, 시간 온도 중첩 원리를 통해 온도를 보정해주어야 할 필요가 있음. 현재 유변 측정을 통해 본 기술로 측정한 높은 진동수 범위에서의 유리 전이 온도가 오차 범위 내에서 낮은 진동수에서 측정된 잘 알려진 유리 전이 온도로 잘 변환된다는 것을 확인했으며, 추후에 접촉시간을 다르게 3회의 측정을 진행한다면, 시간 온도 중첩 원리를 설명하는 모델 중 하나인 WLF 모델을 통해 유변 측정 없이 유리 전이 온도를 바로 변환할 수 있을 것으로 예상됨.
또한 본 과제에서는 일반적인 유리 전이 온도 측정 방법인 DSC로는 측정이 매우 어려운 높은 결정성을 지닌 고분자 물질에 대해서도 유리 전이 온도 측정이 공 충돌 실험을 통해 잘 되는 것을 확인했으며, 동시에 결정화 정도까지 측정 가능할 것이라는 가능성을 확인함.
따라서 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 지속적인 연구를 통해 기술을 발전시키면, 현 기술로는 측정이 어려운 다양한 고분자 물질들의 유리 전이 온도를 in-situ로 측정할 수 있을 것으로 예상되며, 유리 전이 온도 측정 원천 기술 확보 및 플렉서블, 웨어러블 디스플레이, 자동차 구조 접착제, 고분자 유기태양 전지 연구 및 개발에 있어 세계 시장에서의 경쟁력 확보에 도움이 될 것임.
(출처 : 초록 3p)
키워드에 대한 정보 고분자 유리 전이 온도 표
다음은 Bing에서 고분자 유리 전이 온도 표 주제에 대한 검색 결과입니다. 필요한 경우 더 읽을 수 있습니다.
이 기사는 인터넷의 다양한 출처에서 편집되었습니다. 이 기사가 유용했기를 바랍니다. 이 기사가 유용하다고 생각되면 공유하십시오. 매우 감사합니다!
사람들이 주제에 대해 자주 검색하는 키워드 10강. 고분자 물리 / 고분자를 이해하기 위해서는 Tg를 이해 해야 합니다 / mophology(형태학)외 여러가지 / 성균관대학교 화학공학 고분자공학부 교수
- 고분자 물리
- 고분자 물성
- stress-strain curve
- Tg
- glass transition
- 유리전이온도
- 유리전이
10강. # #고분자 #물리 #/ #고분자를 #이해하기 #위해서는 #Tg를 #이해 #해야 #합니다 #/ #mophology(형태학)외 #여러가지 #/ #성균관대학교 #화학공학 #고분자공학부 #교수
YouTube에서 고분자 유리 전이 온도 표 주제의 다른 동영상 보기
주제에 대한 기사를 시청해 주셔서 감사합니다 10강. 고분자 물리 / 고분자를 이해하기 위해서는 Tg를 이해 해야 합니다 / mophology(형태학)외 여러가지 / 성균관대학교 화학공학 고분자공학부 교수 | 고분자 유리 전이 온도 표, 이 기사가 유용하다고 생각되면 공유하십시오, 매우 감사합니다.
